真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)特(te)(te)點是(shi)什(shen)么
1、真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)時,使(shi)(shi)在(zai)常壓(ya)下(xia)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理(li)化學反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)條(tiao)件有(you)了(le)改變(bian),這主要體(ti)(ti)現在(zai)氣相壓(ya)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)低上(shang)。只要冶金(jin)(jin)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)中有(you)氣相參加,而(er)(er)且反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)生成物中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣體(ti)(ti)摩爾(er)(er)數(shu)大(da)于(yu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)物中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣體(ti)(ti)摩爾(er)(er)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值時,若減小系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力,則可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)(shi)平衡(heng)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)向著增加氣態(tai)物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向移動,這就是(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中物理(li)化學反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點。
2、大(da)氣熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu))和澆注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要缺點之一是(shi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)成分(主要是(shi)一些比(bi)較活潑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)素)由(you)于(yu)燒損不(bu)易準確控制(zhi)(zhi),而(er)(er)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)不(bu)受周圍(wei)氣氛污染,金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)液與(yu)大(da)氣中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和氮脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)離接觸,所以(yi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)能(neng)(neng)嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)(zhi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)中活潑元(yuan)素,如鋁(lv)、鈦等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含量(liang)(liang)(liang),將合(he)金(jin)(jin)成分控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)很(hen)窄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)內,因而(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)保證合(he)金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)及其(qi)穩定(ding)性。
3、碳(tan)(tan)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying),大(da)氣熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)碳(tan)(tan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)對金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)液起著除(chu)氣作用(yong)(yong)(yong)和機(ji)械攪拌作用(yong)(yong)(yong),但由(you)于(yu)碳(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)力不(bu)強(qiang),不(bu)能(neng)(neng)單(dan)獨用(yong)(yong)(yong)作脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)劑(ji),往往要用(yong)(yong)(yong)硅(gui)、鋁(lv)等(deng)(deng)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)劑(ji)進(jin)行(xing)沉淀脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。在(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中,由(you)于(yu)氣相壓(ya)力低,且碳(tan)(tan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)生成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)CO氣泡能(neng)(neng)夠不(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)被(bei)抽走,而(er)(er)使(shi)(shi)平衡(heng)向生成CO的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向移動,即[C]+[O]={CO}反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)不(bu)斷向右(you)方進(jin)行(xing),從而(er)(er)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)碳(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)力。大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)實踐數(shu)據表明:真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)與(yu)大(da)氣熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)相比(bi)較,碳(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)力約提(ti)高(gao)100倍(bei)。
真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)鎳基合(he)金(jin)(jin)時,將合(he)金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)降(jiang)低到(dao)20×10以(yi)下(xia)是(shi)不(bu)難做到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)下(xia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)碳(tan)(tan)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),不(bu)僅具有(you)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)力,而(er)(er)且其(qi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產物是(shi)氣體(ti)(ti),易于(yu)排除(chu),而(er)(er)不(bu)沾污金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池,這比(bi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)硅(gui)、鋁(lv)等(deng)(deng)生成固態(tai)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)劑(ji)要優越得多,因此(ci)在(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中,碳(tan)(tan)是(shi)理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)劑(ji)。