真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)介紹 　　真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)條(tiao)件(jian)下利(li)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)來加(jia)熱和(he)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)方法。這種熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)方法所使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)非(fei)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)兩種。 　　自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)是由被(bei)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(即爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)料(liao))制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，在(zai)(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)它(ta)逐漸消耗(hao)(hao)(hao);而(er)非(fei)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)系利(li)用(yong)(yong)鎢等(deng)高(gao)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)點材(cai)(cai)料(liao)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，在(zai)(zai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)料(liao)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)它(ta)基(ji)本上不消耗(hao)(hao)(hao)。采用(yong)(yong)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)稱自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，簡稱自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu);采用(yong)(yong)非(fei)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)稱非(fei)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，簡稱非(fei)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。 　　現在(zai)(zai)，非(fei)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)已(yi)較(jiao)少使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，而(er)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)大量應用(yong)(yong)于生(sheng)(sheng)產實踐中(zhong)(zhong)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為二次重熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要手(shou)段之一。真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)坩堝一般用(yong)(yong)銅制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，外(wai)面(mian)用(yong)(yong)水冷卻，稱為水冷銅結晶(jing)器。 　　真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)時，可以(yi)將自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(被(bei)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao))接負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，水冷銅結晶(jing)器接正極(ji)(ji)(ji)，通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)兩極(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)產生(sheng)(sheng)弧(hu)(hu)光放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉(zhuan)變成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熱能，產生(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)溫(wen)使(shi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化。熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)液態(tai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)滴通(tong)過(guo)高(gao)溫(wen)弧(hu)(hu)區后(hou)落(luo)入金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池，并在(zai)(zai)水冷銅結晶(jing)器內(nei)凝固成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)錠(ding)。通(tong)過(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)液與氣相間(jian)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一系列(lie)物理化學反應，達到(dao)提高(gao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)純凈度，改善(shan)其結晶(jing)組織和(he)性能的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。 　　雖然真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)不受大氣、耐火(huo)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)和(he)鑄模(mo)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沾污;可以(yi)去除鋼(gang)及(ji)(ji)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣體(ti)和(he)有(you)害金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)雜(za)質(zhi);熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)(zhong)夾雜(za)物也可上浮(fu)去除一部分，并可改善(shan)夾雜(za)物在(zai)(zai)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分布及(ji)(ji)形態(tai);水冷銅結晶(jing)器中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)錠(ding)鑄態(tai)組織比普通(tong)鑄錠(ding)為好。 　　但(dan)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)需預制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，且(qie)鋼(gang)錠(ding)表面(mian)較(jiao)差。真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)可用(yong)(yong)來熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)鈦、鋯、鎢、鉬等(deng)活潑金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、難熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)它(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，也可用(yong)(yong)來熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)高(gao)溫(wen)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)及(ji)(ji)有(you)特殊用(yong)(yong)途的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)和(he)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。

　　真空(kong)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)爐(lu)(lu)內達(da)(da)不到(dao)(dao)(dao)預(yu)設(she)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)什么情況　　真空(kong)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)爐(lu)(lu)爐(lu)(lu)內達(da)(da)不到(dao)(dao)(dao)預(yu)設(she)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)可能(neng)有以下幾種情況：　　1.加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)功率不足：燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)爐(lu)(lu)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)功率不足是(shi)(shi)導(dao)致爐(lu)(lu)內溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)達(da)(da)不到(dao)(dao)(dao)預(yu)設(she)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)原(yuan)因之一。這(zhe)可能(neng)是(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)(yu)電源(yuan)電壓不穩定、加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)元件(jian)老化等(deng)原(yuan)因導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)。　　2.溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)傳感器(qi)故障(zhang)：溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)傳感器(qi)是(shi)(shi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)爐(lu)(lu)中(zhong)非常關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)(de)一個部(bu)件(jian)，如果溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)傳感器(qi)出現故障(zhang)，就會(hui)導(dao)致爐(lu)(lu)內溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法準確(que)測量(liang)和調節(jie)，從而影響(xiang)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)質量(liang)。　　3.燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)：如果燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)比例或(huo)質量(liang)有問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，也會(hui)導(dao)致爐(lu)(lu)內溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)預(yu)設(she)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)。這(zhe)可能(neng)是(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)(yu)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)粒(li)度(du)(du)、成(cheng)(cheng)分、含(han)水(shui)量(liang)等(deng)方面問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)。　　4.真空(kong)度(du)(du)不夠(gou)：在(zai)(zai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)過程中(zhong)，如果燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)爐(lu)(lu)內的(de)(de)(de)真空(kong)度(du)(du)不夠(gou)，也會(hui)導(dao)致爐(lu)(lu)內溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)預(yu)設(she)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)。這(zhe)可能(neng)是(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)(yu)真空(kong)泵(beng)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)或(huo)者(zhe)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)爐(lu)(lu)密封不嚴導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)。　　5.其(qi)(qi)他(ta)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)：還有一些其(qi)(qi)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，如燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)層損壞、加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)元件(jian)與燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)之間(jian)存在(zai)(zai)空(kong)隙等(deng)，也會(hui)導(dao)致爐(lu)(lu)內溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)預(yu)設(she)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)。　　針對(dui)以上問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，應首先檢查(cha)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個部(bu)件(jian)是(shi)(shi)否正常運轉，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)元件(jian)和溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)傳感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態；其(qi)(qi)次，檢查(cha)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)分、比例和含(han)水(shui)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)否符合要(yao)求；檢查(cha)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)真空(kong)度(du)(du)和密封情況是(shi)(shi)否達(da)(da)標。