真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)燒結(jie)(jie)爐(lu)的(de)(de)熱(re)處理(li)特點(dian) 　　隨著(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)的(de)(de)進程(cheng)和(he)發展(zhan)，真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)燒結(jie)(jie)爐(lu)在(zai)(zai)模具生產中(zhong)發揮著(zhu)不可替(ti)代的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于陶瓷燒成、真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冶煉、電真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)零件(jian)除(chu)氣、退火(huo)、金(jin)屬(shu)件(jian)的(de)(de)釬焊，以及陶瓷-金(jin)屬(shu)封接等。 　　真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)燒結(jie)(jie)爐(lu)的(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)處理(li)幾(ji)乎可實(shi)現(xian)全(quan)部(bu)熱(re)處理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)，如淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)、退火(huo)、回火(huo)、滲碳(tan)、氮化(hua)，在(zai)(zai)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)中(zhong)可實(shi)現(xian)氣淬(cui)(cui)(cui)、油(you)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)、硝(xiao)鹽(yan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)、水淬(cui)(cui)(cui)等，還可以進行(xing)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)釬焊、燒結(jie)(jie)、表(biao)面(mian)處理(li)等。真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)熱(re)效率(lv)高(gao)，可實(shi)現(xian)快速升溫和(he)降溫，可實(shi)現(xian)無氧化(hua)、無脫碳(tan)、無滲碳(tan)，可去掉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)磷屑，并有(you)(you)脫脂除(chu)氣等作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，從而(er)(er)達到表(biao)面(mian)光亮凈化(hua)的(de)(de)效果。 　　一(yi)般來(lai)說，被處理(li)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)在(zai)(zai)爐(lu)內加熱(re)緩慢，內熱(re)溫差較小(xiao)，熱(re)應力小(xiao)，因(yin)而(er)(er)變形小(xiao)，可降低成本(ben)，有(you)(you)除(chu)氣作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，從而(er)(er)提高(gao)了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)機械性能和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)燒結(jie)(jie)爐(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)環境(jing)好(hao)，操作(zuo)安全(quan)，沒(mei)有(you)(you)污染和(he)公害。被處理(li)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)沒(mei)有(you)(you)氫脆(cui)危險，對(dui)鈦材和(he)難熔金(jin)屬(shu)殼防止表(biao)面(mian)氫脆(cui)，真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)處理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)穩定性和(he)重(zhong)(zhong)復性好(hao)。這一(yi)系列的(de)(de)優點(dian)，開(kai)發真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)處理(li)設備和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)被越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)重(zhong)(zhong)視和(he)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)廣。 　　真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)燒結(jie)(jie)爐(lu)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)處理(li)即真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技術(shu)與熱(re)處理(li)兩個***相(xiang)結(jie)(jie)合的(de)(de)綜合技術(shu)，是指熱(re)處理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)全(quan)部(bu)和(he)部(bu)分在(zai)(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)狀態下進行(xing)的(de)(de)。我(wo)國將真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)劃分為低、中(zhong)、高(gao)和(he)超高(gao)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。

　　真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)冶(ye)金(jin)(jin)特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)什么 　　真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)在常(chang)壓下進(jin)(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理化學反(fan)應(ying)條件(jian)有(you)了改變，這主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)體(ti)現在氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)壓力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)降低上。只要(yao)(yao)(yao)冶(ye)金(jin)(jin)反(fan)應(ying)中(zhong)有(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)參加，而(er)(er)且(qie)反(fan)應(ying)生(sheng)(sheng)成物(wu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)摩爾(er)數(shu)大(da)(da)于反(fan)應(ying)物(wu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)摩爾(er)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值時，若減小系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)，則可以(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)平衡(heng)反(fan)應(ying)向(xiang)著增加氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)態(tai)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)移動(dong)，這就是(shi)(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)物(wu)理化學反(fan)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本特點(dian)。 　　真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)和澆(jiao)注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)缺(que)點(dian)之一(yi)是(shi)(shi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)成分(主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)些比較活潑的(de)(de)(de)(de)元素)由(you)于燒(shao)損不(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)準(zhun)確控(kong)制，而(er)(er)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)受周圍氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氛污染(ran)，金(jin)(jin)屬液(ye)與(yu)大(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)和氮脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)離接觸，所以(yi)(yi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)能(neng)(neng)嚴格控(kong)制合(he)金(jin)(jin)中(zhong)活潑元素，如鋁(lv)、鈦等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含量，將合(he)金(jin)(jin)成分控(kong)制在很窄的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍內，因而(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)保證合(he)金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)、質(zhi)量及其(qi)穩定(ding)性。 　　大(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)碳氧(yang)(yang)反(fan)應(ying)對金(jin)(jin)屬液(ye)起著除(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作用和機械(xie)攪拌(ban)作用，但(dan)由(you)于碳的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)強，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)單獨用作脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)劑(ji)(ji)，往往要(yao)(yao)(yao)用硅(gui)、鋁(lv)等(deng)金(jin)(jin)屬脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)劑(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)行沉(chen)淀脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)。在真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)，由(you)于氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)壓力(li)低，且(qie)碳氧(yang)(yang)反(fan)應(ying)生(sheng)(sheng)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)CO氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)泡能(neng)(neng)夠不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)被抽(chou)走，而(er)(er)使(shi)(shi)平衡(heng)向(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)成CO的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)移動(dong)，即[C]+[O]={CO}反(fan)應(ying)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷向(xiang)右方(fang)進(jin)(jin)行，從而(er)(er)提(ti)高了碳的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。大(da)(da)量實踐數(shu)據表(biao)明：真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)與(yu)大(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)相(xiang)(xiang)比較，碳的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)力(li)約提(ti)高100倍(bei)。 　　當真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)燒(shao)結爐(lu)(lu)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)鎳基合(he)金(jin)(jin)時，將合(he)金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)含量降低到20×10以(yi)(yi)下是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)難做到的(de)(de)(de)(de)。真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)下用碳脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅具(ju)有(you)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，而(er)(er)且(qie)其(qi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)產物(wu)是(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)，易(yi)于排除(chu)，而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)沾污金(jin)(jin)屬熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池，這比用硅(gui)、鋁(lv)等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)成固態(tai)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)產物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)劑(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)優越得多，因此(ci)在真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)，碳是(shi)(shi)理想的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)劑(ji)(ji)。