現在一些(xie)科(ke)研(yan)單位在研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)一些(xie)項目(mu)課題時(shi)(shi)是(shi)會用(yong)到真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)。早(zao)在1920年(nian)(nian)(nian)左右，開始(shi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)鎳鉻合金(jin)。直至第(di)二次(ci)世界(jie)大(da)(da)戰，由于(yu)(yu)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)進步，使真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)正(zheng)開始(shi)發展(zhan)(zhan)起(qi)來。50年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)中(zhong)期(qi)至60年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)末，是(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)發展(zhan)(zhan)***迅速的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)，無(wu)論是(shi)理(li)論研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)還是(shi)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量、結構形式(shi)及產品種類都有(you)(you)很(hen)大(da)(da)發展(zhan)(zhan)，達(da)到了高度工(gong)業化水平。          　　目(mu)前真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)大(da)(da)容量已達(da)60t;真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)電(dian)弧重(zhong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)錠重(zhong)達(da)52t;電(dian)子(zi)束(shu)(shu)爐(lu)(lu)功率達(da)12000kW。70年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)至今，真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)穩(wen)定發展(zhan)(zhan)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)，穩(wen)定并(bing)繼(ji)續完(wan)善(shan)工(gong)藝，擴(kuo)大(da)(da)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)并(bing)逐(zhu)步向自動化和程序控制(zhi)方面發展(zhan)(zhan)。中(zhong)國自50年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)開始(shi)對(dui)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)技術進行研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，到90年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)已能設(she)計制(zhi)造1.5t半連續真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)感(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)爐(lu)(lu)及5t真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)電(dian)弧爐(lu)(lu)。主要特殊(shu)鋼廠及有(you)(you)色(se)金(jin)屬(shu)加工(gong)廠建有(you)(you)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)感(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)爐(lu)(lu)、真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)電(dian)弧重(zhong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)爐(lu)(lu)及電(dian)子(zi)束(shu)(shu)爐(lu)(lu)，形成了一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產規模。 　　根據加熱(re)熱(re)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)，真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)主要可分為(wei)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)感(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)電(dian)弧熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，電(dian)子(zi)束(shu)(shu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)等3種。真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)廠家今天就介(jie)紹下真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)感(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)。 　　真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)廠家表示，此工(gong)作原(yuan)理(li)是(shi)將金(jin)屬(shu)爐(lu)(lu)料放入置于(yu)(yu)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)坩堝(guo)內，當線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)接通交流電(dian)源時(shi)(shi)，在線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)間產生(sheng)交變磁(ci)場(chang)，爐(lu)(lu)料中(zhong)即產生(sheng)感(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)電(dian)勢。由于(yu)(yu)金(jin)屬(shu)爐(lu)(lu)料本身形成一閉合回(hui)路，所以在爐(lu)(lu)料中(zhong)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)產生(sheng)了感(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)電(dian)流，即渦流，爐(lu)(lu)料靠渦流加熱(re)和熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化。利用(yong)這個(ge)原(yuan)理(li)進行熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法稱(cheng)為(wei)感(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)。而處(chu)于(yu)(yu)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)條件下的(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)則(ze)為(wei)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)感(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)。

　　熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)電(dian)解(jie)爐(lu)排(pai)出(chu)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)多(duo)少 　　熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)電(dian)解(jie)爐(lu)對于澆(jiao)(jiao)注(zhu)料(liao)(liao)砌筑的(de)(de)窯爐(lu)比(bi)磚砌窯爐(lu)更為(wei)重要，是(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)注(zhu)料(liao)(liao)使用(yong)的(de)(de)關鍵問題(ti)。其作用(yong)主要是(shi)(shi)要排(pai)除較多(duo)的(de)(de)游離水(shui)(shui)和化學結(jie)合水(shui)(shui)。爐(lu)恰(qia)當(dang)，可以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)窯爐(lu)及熱(re)工設備的(de)(de)使有壽命，若爐(lu)不(bu)當(dang)，會因水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)排(pai)除不(bu)順暢(chang)，導致耐(nai)火澆(jiao)(jiao)注(zhu)料(liao)(liao)產生裂紋、剝(bo)落甚至產生爆(bao)裂事故。 　　考(kao)慮到熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)電(dian)解(jie)爐(lu)內溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)與耐(nai)火澆(jiao)(jiao)注(zhu)料(liao)(liao)實際(ji)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)之間一(yi)定的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)差，可將排(pai)除游離水(shui)(shui)(自由水(shui)(shui))的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)為(wei)150℃，排(pai)除化合水(shui)(shui)為(wei)250-350℃，排(pai)除結(jie)晶水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)定為(wei)350-500℃。所以(yi)(yi)，在600℃以(yi)(yi)前應(ying)嚴格控(kong)制升溫(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)速度(du)(du)，而(er)在600℃以(yi)(yi)上，只要耐(nai)火澆(jiao)(jiao)注(zhu)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)內外溫(wen)(wen)差不(bu)大(da)，可快(kuai)速升溫(wen)(wen)直至使用(yong)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)。 　　為(wei)使熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)電(dian)解(jie)爐(lu)時材(cai)料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)變成(cheng)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)后能充分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)排(pai)出(chu)，同時避免因爐(lu)時材(cai)料(liao)(liao)產生的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)在脹力(li)作用(yong)下使爐(lu)墻出(chu)現炸裂或脫(tuo)落，爐(lu)燃(ran)燒室的(de)(de)外部護板的(de)(de)安(an)裝必須采取段焊，留出(chu)縫隙滿足(zu)爐(lu)排(pai)汽(qi)使用(yong)。