熔鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解爐(lu)發明涉及通(tong)(tong)過(guo)熔融鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解制(zhi)(zhi)造金(jin)(jin)屬的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法，其是在(zai)(zai)(zai)具有(you)陽極(ji)(ji)和(he)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解槽中裝(zhuang)(zhuang)盛(sheng)氯化(hua)鈣(gai)熔融鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)進行的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)熔融鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解制(zhi)(zhi)造金(jin)(jin)屬的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法。 　　熔鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解爐(lu)制(zhi)(zhi)造裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)或(huo)(huo)陽極(ji)(ji)一(yi)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)以包圍另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)，陰(yin)***有(you)至少一(yi)個(ge)(ge)連通(tong)(tong)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)包圍的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部區域(yu)和(he)外部區域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)流通(tong)(tong)口(kou)，熔融鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)經(jing)由流通(tong)(tong)口(kou)由內(nei)部區域(yu)或(huo)(huo)外部區域(yu)中設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)陽極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)側區域(yu)向另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)區域(yu)流通(tong)(tong)。 　　操作(zuo)方(fang)(fang)便，能(neng)降低能(neng)耗和(he)生產(chan)(chan)成本，提高(gao)產(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)量和(he)合(he)格(ge)率的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)取稀(xi)(xi)土金(jin)(jin)屬或(huo)(huo)稀(xi)(xi)土合(he)金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)技術(shu)。熔鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解爐(lu)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)氟化(hua)體系(xi)熔鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解制(zhi)(zhi)取稀(xi)(xi)土金(jin)(jin)屬或(huo)(huo)稀(xi)(xi)土合(he)金(jin)(jin)工藝中采用塊狀多(duo)陽極(ji)(ji)技術(shu)，且陽極(ji)(ji)板是固定(ding)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)爐(lu)蓋(gai)板上，爐(lu)蓋(gai)板作(zuo)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板，陽極(ji)(ji)消耗后(hou)可(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解過(guo)程中依次更換，整個(ge)(ge)更換過(guo)程不(bu)需間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解，且更換后(hou)不(bu)需起弧(hu)升溫。 　　并(bing)且在(zai)(zai)(zai)熔鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解爐(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控系(xi)統(tong)中設(she)(she)計了(le)爐(lu)膛(tang)測(ce)溫裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)、爐(lu)膛(tang)負壓測(ce)量裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，鼓、引風機風門控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)執行系(xi)統(tong)，風門自(zi)動(dong)(dong)開度指示系(xi)統(tong)，為司(si)爐(lu)人(ren)員(yuan)提供了(le)可(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)測(ce)系(xi)統(tong)，提高(gao)了(le)鍋爐(lu)運行的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性，設(she)(she)備運行的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)性。配套***除(chu)塵(chen)器和(he)余熱(re)回收(shou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，除(chu)塵(chen)效果優良、余熱(re)回收(shou)效果好，鍋爐(lu)排(pai)塵(chen)濃度滿足(zu)我國(guo)一(yi)類(lei)地區要求(qiu)。

　　真空(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)介紹 　　真空(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)真空(kong)(kong)條件(jian)下利用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)來加熱(re)和(he)熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)的(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)方(fang)法(fa)。這種熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)方(fang)法(fa)所使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)非自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)兩(liang)(liang)種。 　　自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)由(you)被(bei)熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)材(cai)(cai)料(即爐(lu)(lu)(lu)料)制成，在(zai)(zai)真空(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)它逐漸(jian)消(xiao)耗(hao);而非自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)系利用(yong)(yong)(yong)鎢等高(gao)熔(rong)(rong)點材(cai)(cai)料制成，在(zai)(zai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)料熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)它基本上不(bu)(bu)消(xiao)耗(hao)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)真空(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)稱(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)，簡(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu);采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)非自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)真空(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)稱(cheng)(cheng)非自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)，簡(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)非自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。 　　現在(zai)(zai)，非自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)已較少使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，而自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)大(da)量應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于生(sheng)產實(shi)踐中(zhong)，成為二次重熔(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)手段之(zhi)一。真空(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)坩堝一般用(yong)(yong)(yong)銅(tong)制成，外面用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)卻，稱(cheng)(cheng)為水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)銅(tong)結(jie)晶(jing)器(qi)。 　　真空(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以將(jiang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(被(bei)熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)材(cai)(cai)料)接(jie)負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)銅(tong)結(jie)晶(jing)器(qi)接(jie)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后兩(liang)(liang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)間產生(sheng)弧(hu)光(guang)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉(zhuan)變成熱(re)能，產生(sheng)高(gao)溫(wen)使材(cai)(cai)料熔(rong)(rong)化。熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)液態(tai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)熔(rong)(rong)滴通過(guo)(guo)高(gao)溫(wen)弧(hu)區后落入金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)熔(rong)(rong)池，并在(zai)(zai)水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)銅(tong)結(jie)晶(jing)器(qi)內凝(ning)固(gu)成錠(ding)(ding)。通過(guo)(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)液與(yu)氣相間以及(ji)熔(rong)(rong)池內發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)一系列物理(li)化學反應(ying)，達(da)到提(ti)高(gao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)的(de)(de)(de)純(chun)凈(jing)度，改善(shan)其結(jie)晶(jing)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)和(he)性能的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。 　　雖然真空(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)不(bu)(bu)受大(da)氣、耐(nai)火材(cai)(cai)料和(he)鑄(zhu)模等的(de)(de)(de)沾污;可(ke)(ke)(ke)以去除鋼及(ji)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)氣體和(he)有(you)害金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)雜質;熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)夾(jia)雜物也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)上浮去除一部分，并可(ke)(ke)(ke)改善(shan)夾(jia)雜物在(zai)(zai)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)分布及(ji)形態(tai);水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)銅(tong)結(jie)晶(jing)器(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)鋼錠(ding)(ding)鑄(zhu)態(tai)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)比普(pu)通鑄(zhu)錠(ding)(ding)為好。 　　但真空(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)需預制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，且鋼錠(ding)(ding)表面較差。真空(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)來熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)鈦、鋯(gao)、鎢、鉬(mu)等活潑金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)、難熔(rong)(rong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)以及(ji)它們的(de)(de)(de)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)來熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)高(gao)溫(wen)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)及(ji)有(you)特殊用(yong)(yong)(yong)途的(de)(de)(de)鋼和(he)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)。