真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)是如(ru)何冶金(jin)(jin)的(de) 　　真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)使在(zai)(zai)常(chang)壓(ya)下進行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)物理(li)化學反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)條(tiao)件有(you)(you)了(le)改變，這(zhe)主要體(ti)現在(zai)(zai)氣(qi)(qi)相(xiang)壓(ya)力(li)的(de)降低(di)上(shang)。只要冶金(jin)(jin)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)中(zhong)有(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)相(xiang)參加，而(er)且反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)生成(cheng)(cheng)物中(zhong)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)摩(mo)爾數(shu)大于(yu)(yu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)物中(zhong)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)摩(mo)爾數(shu)的(de)數(shu)值時，若減小系統的(de)壓(ya)力(li)，則可以使平衡反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)向(xiang)著(zhu)增加氣(qi)(qi)態物質的(de)方向(xiang)移(yi)動(dong)，這(zhe)就是真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)中(zhong)物理(li)化學反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)根本的(de)特點(dian)。 　　由于(yu)(yu)燒損不(bu)(bu)易(yi)準(zhun)確(que)控(kong)制(zhi)，而(er)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)不(bu)(bu)受(shou)周圍氣(qi)(qi)氛污染，金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)液與大氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)氧(yang)(yang)和(he)氮脫(tuo)(tuo)離(li)接觸，所以真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)能(neng)嚴(yan)格控(kong)制(zhi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)中(zhong)活潑元素，如(ru)鋁(lv)、鈦等的(de)含量(liang)(liang)，將合(he)金(jin)(jin)成(cheng)(cheng)分控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)很窄的(de)范圍內(nei)，因而(er)能(neng)保(bao)證合(he)金(jin)(jin)的(de)性能(neng)、質量(liang)(liang)及其穩定性。 　　大氣(qi)(qi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)氧(yang)(yang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)對金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)液起著(zhu)除(chu)氣(qi)(qi)作(zuo)用和(he)機械(xie)攪拌作(zuo)用，但由于(yu)(yu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)能(neng)力(li)不(bu)(bu)強，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)單獨用作(zuo)脫(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)劑，往(wang)往(wang)要用硅(gui)、鋁(lv)等金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)脫(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)劑進行(xing)(xing)(xing)沉(chen)淀脫(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)。在(zai)(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)的(de)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)中(zhong)，由于(yu)(yu)氣(qi)(qi)相(xiang)壓(ya)力(li)低(di)，且碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)氧(yang)(yang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)生成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)CO氣(qi)(qi)泡能(neng)夠不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)的(de)被(bei)抽走，而(er)使平衡向(xiang)生成(cheng)(cheng)CO的(de)方向(xiang)移(yi)動(dong)，即(ji)[C]+[O]={CO}反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)向(xiang)右方進行(xing)(xing)(xing)，從而(er)提高(gao)(gao)了(le)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)能(neng)力(li)。大量(liang)(liang)實踐數(shu)據表明：真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)與大氣(qi)(qi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)相(xiang)比較(jiao)，碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)能(neng)力(li)約提高(gao)(gao)100倍。 　　真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)燒結(jie)爐(lu)廠家表示(shi)，真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)鎳(nie)基(ji)合(he)金(jin)(jin)時，將合(he)金(jin)(jin)的(de)氧(yang)(yang)含量(liang)(liang)降低(di)到20×10以下是不(bu)(bu)難做到的(de)。真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)下用碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)脫(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)，不(bu)(bu)僅具有(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)的(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)能(neng)力(li)，而(er)且其脫(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)產(chan)(chan)物是氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)，易(yi)于(yu)(yu)排除(chu)，而(er)不(bu)(bu)沾(zhan)污金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池，這(zhe)比用硅(gui)、鋁(lv)等生成(cheng)(cheng)固(gu)態脫(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)產(chan)(chan)物的(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)劑要優越得多，因此在(zai)(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)中(zhong)，碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)是理(li)想的(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)(yang)劑。

　　真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)甩帶爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)技巧(qiao) 　　真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)甩帶爐(lu)(lu)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)即(ji)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技術與(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)兩個***相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歸納技術，是指熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悉(xi)數和(he)部(bu)分(fen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)狀態(tai)下(xia)(xia)進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)國(guo)將真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)劃(hua)分(fen)為低(di)、中(zhong)、高(gao)(gao)和(he)超高(gao)(gao)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。 　　真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)甩帶爐(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)熱(re)(re)(re)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)范疇有(you)(you)著很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展前景(jing)，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)：透熱(re)(re)(re)、軋制、鍛(duan)造、彎(wan)管、熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(淬(cui)火(huo))、焊接(jie)等(deng)工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感應(ying)(ying)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)。那么爐(lu)(lu)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)技巧(qiao)是什么呢(ni)1.真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)甩帶爐(lu)(lu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)鈦合金(jin)(jin)時(shi)(shi)，不(bu)宜用(yong)(yong)氮(dan)氣(qi)作(zuo)為冷(leng)卻(que)氣(qi)體，因為鈦和(he)氮(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)反(fan)響(xiang)，構成金(jin)(jin)黃色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氮(dan)化(hua)鈦。 　　2.真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)(lu)活動銜接(jie)部(bu)分(fen)悉(xi)數采(cai)用(yong)(yong)O型橡膠圈(quan)密封銜接(jie)，此部(bu)分(fen)均通水冷(leng)卻(que)。 　　3.工(gong)件在(zai)(zai)(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)狀態(tai)下(xia)(xia)淬(cui)火(huo)，應(ying)(ying)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)淬(cui)火(huo)油，此油具(ju)有(you)(you)較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飽和(he)蒸氣(qi)壓。 　　4.真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)甩帶爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保養應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)或(huo)充純氮(dan)狀態(tai)下(xia)(xia)，避免(mian)平(ping)時(shi)(shi)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)吸氣(qi)，吸潮(chao)。 　　5.國(guo)內(nei)(nei)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓升(sheng)率應(ying)(ying)不(bu)大于(yu)1.33Pa/h，國(guo)外某(mou)些企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準為6.真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)以輻射為主，工(gong)件在(zai)(zai)(zai)爐(lu)(lu)內(nei)(nei)應(ying)(ying)該堅持間(jian)距。 　　7.升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)過程中(zhong)，工(gong)件及爐(lu)(lu)內(nei)(nei)材料(liao)會放(fang)氣(qi)，使真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)。 　　8.真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)回火(huo)、真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)退火(huo)、真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)固溶處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)及真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)時(shi)(shi)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)溫(wen)(wen)度一般與(yu)慣例處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)時(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)溫(wen)(wen)度相(xiang)同。 　　9.真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)甩帶爐(lu)(lu)應(ying)(ying)該具(ju)有(you)(you)快冷(leng)裝(zhuang)置。冷(leng)卻(que)水的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)應(ying)(ying)該大于(yu)0.2Mpa，流量應(ying)(ying)可調。 　　10.冷(leng)卻(que)氣(qi)體：鋼一般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)百(bai)分(fen)之(zhi)99.995純度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氮(dan)氣(qi)，高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)合金(jin)(jin)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)百(bai)分(fen)之(zhi)99.999的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氮(dan)氣(qi)或(huo)氬(ya)氣(qi)，鈦合金(jin)(jin)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)百(bai)分(fen)之(zhi)99.995的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氬(ya)氣(qi)。 　　11.升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)：放(fang)入工(gong)件后，真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熔煉爐(lu)(lu)一般先預抽至(zhi)6.67Pa時(shi)(shi)方可升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)。