熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)電解(jie)爐(lu)(lu)手動(dong)(dong)操作注意事項(xiang)有(you)哪些 　　熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)電解(jie)爐(lu)(lu)所工(gong)作原理(li)是在(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空條件(jian)下進(jin)行金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)與合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)特種熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)技術。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)包括(kuo)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空感應熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)、真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空電弧重(zhong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)和(he)電子束熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)。隨著(zhu)(zhu)現(xian)代科學技術的(de)(de)飛(fei)躍發展，特別是伴隨著(zhu)(zhu)宇航(hang)、海洋開發、能源(yuan)開發及(ji)電子工(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)迅速進(jin)展，對金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)材(cai)料(***合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼及(ji)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin))的(de)(de)品種、產量(liang)、尤其是質(zhi)量(liang)提出了(le)越來越高的(de)(de)要(yao)求。 　　熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)電解(jie)爐(lu)(lu)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)供大(da)專院校、科研單位及(ji)生(sheng)產企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空或保護氣(qi)(qi)氛條件(jian)下對金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)材(cai)料(如(ru)不銹鋼、鎳基(ji)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)、銅、合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼、鎳鈷(gu)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)、稀土釹鐵錋等)的(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)處理(li)，也(ye)可進(jin)行合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼的(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空精煉(lian)(lian)處理(li)及(ji)精密鑄(zhu)造。 　　具體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)操作為(wei)(wei)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)電解(jie)爐(lu)(lu)爐(lu)(lu)蓋(gai)打開方式為(wei)(wei)手動(dong)(dong)，真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)蓋(gai)上設(she)(she)有(you)觀(guan)察孔及(ji)擋板(ban)，為(wei)(wei)便于熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化過(guo)程中添加(jia)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)元素，爐(lu)(lu)蓋(gai)上特設(she)(she)有(you)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)加(jia)料器。爐(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)內有(you)一感應線圈，通(tong)過(guo)手動(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)爐(lu)(lu)外手柄(bing)可輕松將(jiang)坩堝內熔(rong)(rong)(rong)液澆入錠(ding)(ding)模，錠(ding)(ding)模可設(she)(she)計成水冷形式。坩堝上部設(she)(she)有(you)一測溫裝置。真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空系統采用(yong)二(er)級泵，即K-300油擴散(san)泵與2X-70機械泵，機械泵上設(she)(she)有(you)電磁放氣(qi)(qi)閥(fa)避免停電后返油。真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空機組上設(she)(she)有(you)放氣(qi)(qi)閥(fa)及(ji)充氣(qi)(qi)閥(fa)。 　　如(ru)果(guo)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)電解(jie)爐(lu)(lu)門(men)關不緊，檢查(cha)門(men)的(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)葉是否松動(dong)(dong)，拉扣(kou)是否變(bian)形，門(men)口(kou)密封(feng)膠條是否破損，門(men)板(ban)是否變(bian)形?風機有(you)異響，請仔(zi)細(xi)檢查(cha)是否有(you)異物進(jin)入風機的(de)(de)風輪里(li)面，或固定(ding)電機馬達(da)的(de)(de)螺(luo)絲是否松動(dong)(dong)。氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)閥(fa)無法動(dong)(dong)作，首先(xian)檢查(cha)對應的(de)(de)電磁閥(fa)是否能正(zheng)常工(gong)作，壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)力(li)是否達(da)到工(gong)作要(yao)求?如(ru)果(guo)氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)正(zheng)常，且電磁閥(fa)也(ye)良好，則肯定(ding)是氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)閥(fa)本(ben)身壞了(le)，必(bi)須更換(huan)新的(de)(de)。

　　真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)燒結(jie)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)這些操(cao)作(zuo)大家了解嗎　　真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)燒結(jie)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是指在(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)環境(jing)中(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)被(bei)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)物品(pin)進行保護性燒結(jie)的(de)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子，其(qi)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)方式比較多(duo)，如(ru)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)、感應加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)、微波(bo)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)等。關(guan)于(yu)它(ta)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)很(hen)多(duo)用(yong)(yong)戶都有(you)些疑問，那么，它(ta)是怎么操(cao)作(zuo)的(de)呢？這次(ci)我們就(jiu)一起看看。　　一、真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)燒結(jie)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)操(cao)作(zuo)流(liu)程　　1、通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)前檢查　　通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)前，檢查真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)燒結(jie)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)各開關(guan)是否放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)（關(guan)）位，升(sheng)(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)方式為“手動(dong)(dong)(dong)”，功(gong)率調(diao)節逆時(shi)(shi)(shi)針旋到(dao)(dao)頭（低(di)）。確認無(wu)誤后(hou)再(zai)根(gen)據(ju)工藝(yi)要(yao)求的(de)順序來(lai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)械泵(beng)(beng)、擴(kuo)(kuo)散(san)(san)泵(beng)(beng)。　　2、測量爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)內真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)　　根(gen)據(ju)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)進行，當(dang)達到(dao)(dao)要(yao)求的(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，才能(neng)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)升(sheng)(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。　　3、抽(chou)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)　　緊閉(bi)所有(you)的(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閥(fa)(fa)門(men)，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)械泵(beng)(beng)，待其(qi)運(yun)轉正常后(hou)，打(da)開通(tong)(tong)向(xiang)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)低(di)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閥(fa)(fa)，預先(xian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)抽(chou)氣，此(ci)閥(fa)(fa)打(da)開時(shi)(shi)(shi)應緩(huan)慢(man)，以(yi)免機(ji)(ji)械泵(beng)(beng)排氣口處(chu)有(you)油(you)噴出。　　4、打(da)開真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閥(fa)(fa)　　真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)燒結(jie)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)抽(chou)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)，打(da)開真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閥(fa)(fa)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)擴(kuo)(kuo)散(san)(san)泵(beng)(beng)抽(chou)氣，當(dang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)達到(dao)(dao)15Pa后(hou)，先(xian)開啟(qi)擴(kuo)(kuo)散(san)(san)泵(beng)(beng)上的(de)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)，然后(hou)對(dui)(dui)(dui)擴(kuo)(kuo)散(san)(san)泵(beng)(beng)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，一般經過45分(fen)鐘左右擴(kuo)(kuo)散(san)(san)泵(beng)(beng)起作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，就(jiu)可關(guan)上通(tong)(tong)向(xiang)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閥(fa)(fa)，打(da)開真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閥(fa)(fa)，真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)很(hen)快可以(yi)達到(dao)(dao)1.33×10-1Pa以(yi)上，即可對(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)。　　5、加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)　　次(ci)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)因(yin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)氣較多(duo)，真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)容易(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)跌，另外工件加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)氣也使真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)跌，所以(yi)要(yao)慢(man)慢(man)升(sheng)(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)跌到(dao)(dao)1.5帕停止(zhi)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，等真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)回升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)0.5帕以(yi)上再(zai)慢(man)慢(man)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)。因(yin)擴(kuo)(kuo)散(san)(san)泵(beng)(beng)低(di)于(yu)20帕就(jiu)無(wu)法工作(zuo)，另外擴(kuo)(kuo)散(san)(san)泵(beng)(beng)油(you)在(zai)太(tai)低(di)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)易(yi)氧(yang)化，導致擴(kuo)(kuo)散(san)(san)泵(beng)(beng)無(wu)法作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。也可在(zai)低(di)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)除氣，等放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)氣基本(ben)結(jie)束，再(zai)開高真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。另外電(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)不用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)抽(chou)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)狀態(tai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)保存(cun)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)次(ci)抽(chou)氣快些。欲停止(zhi)抽(chou)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，應先(xian)關(guan)閉(bi)高真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閥(fa)(fa)，然后(hou)停止(zhi)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，1個半小時(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)，關(guan)閉(bi)低(di)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閥(fa)(fa)，停止(zhi)機(ji)(ji)械泵(beng)(beng)運(yun)轉，只有(you)在(zai)擴(kuo)(kuo)散(san)(san)泵(beng)(beng)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)之后(hou)，才切斷其(qi)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)供(gong)應。　　6、手動(dong)(dong)(dong)升(sheng)(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)　　在(zai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)200℃以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)先(xian)用(yong)(yong)手動(dong)(dong)(dong)方式升(sheng)(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，否則控溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)不準。在(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)狀態(tai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)按加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)按鈕，緩(huan)慢(man)調(diao)節手動(dong)(dong)(dong)功(gong)率（順時(shi)(shi)(shi)針方向(xiang)），使電(dian)(dian)流(liu)慢(man)慢(man)上升(sheng)(sheng)，禁止(zhi)超(chao)過次(ci)額定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)1100A，電(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)隨之上升(sheng)(sheng)。1000-2000℃，可采用(yong)(yong)紅外自動(dong)(dong)(dong)控制爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。　　7、降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)　　降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)可按預先(xian)設定的(de)程序控制降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，也可直接把(ba)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)關(guan)閉(bi)讓(rang)其(qi)自行降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。但降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)過程中(zhong)不允許停水(shui)(shui)，否則真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)燒結(jie)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)密封圈會(hui)燒壞。