實驗真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)方(fang)法(fa) 　　因(yin)為(wei)金(jin)屬(shu)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)、冷卻等(deng)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)，需要(yao)十(shi)幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)甚至幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)個(ge)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)來完(wan)成(cheng)。這些動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)內(nei)(nei)在(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)內(nei)(nei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)無法(fa)接近，因(yin)此對真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)電(dian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求較(jiao)高。 　　同時(shi)，有些動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo),如(ru)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)保(bao)溫結束后(hou)，金(jin)屬(shu)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)淬(cui)火工(gong)(gong)序(xu)須(xu)六、七個(ge)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)并且要(yao)在(zai)15秒鐘以(yi)內(nei)(nei)完(wan)成(cheng)。這樣敏捷(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)來完(wan)成(cheng)許多動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)，很容(rong)易(yi)造(zao)成(cheng)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緊(jin)張而構(gou)成(cheng)誤(wu)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)。因(yin)此，只(zhi)有較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)才能準(zhun)確、及時(shi)按程(cheng)序(xu)協調。 　　金(jin)屬(shu)零件(jian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)均在(zai)密(mi)閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)內(nei)(nei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)密(mi)封眾所周知。因(yin)此，獲得(de)和堅(jian)持爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子原定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏氣率，保(bao)證真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度，對確保(bao)零件(jian)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)有著非常主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義。 　　所以(yi)，真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)關(guan)鍵問題，就是(shi)要(yao)有可靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)密(mi)封構(gou)造(zao)。為(wei)了(le)保(bao)證真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)性能，真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)結構(gou)設計中必(bi)須(xu)道循一個(ge)基本原則，就是(shi)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)要(yao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)氣密(mi)焊接，同時(shi)在(zai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)上盡量(liang)少(shao)開或者(zhe)不開孔，少(shao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)或者(zhe)避免采(cai)用(yong)(yong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)封結構(gou)，以(yi)盡量(liang)減少(shao)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)泄露的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機遇。安裝在(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部件(jian)、附件(jian)等(deng)如(ru)水冷電(dian)極、熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)偶(ou)導出裝置也都必(bi)須(xu)設計密(mi)封構(gou)造(zao)。 　　以(yi)上就是(shi)實驗真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)(dai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)方(fang)法(fa)。如(ru)果(guo)大(da)家還(huan)有不清楚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，歡迎咨詢(xun)。

　　真(zhen)空(kong)甩(shuai)帶爐(lu)(lu)(lu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)介紹(shao) 　　真(zhen)空(kong)甩(shuai)帶爐(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)真(zhen)空(kong)條件下利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)來(lai)加熱和(he)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)方(fang)法。這種熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)方(fang)法所使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)有自(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)和(he)非(fei)(fei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)兩種。 　　自(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)是由被(bei)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)材料(liao)(即(ji)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)料(liao))制成(cheng)(cheng)，在(zai)(zai)真(zhen)空(kong)甩(shuai)帶爐(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)它(ta)逐漸(jian)消耗(hao)(hao);而非(fei)(fei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)系利用(yong)(yong)鎢等(deng)高熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)點(dian)材料(liao)制成(cheng)(cheng)，在(zai)(zai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)料(liao)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)它(ta)基(ji)本上(shang)不消耗(hao)(hao)。采用(yong)(yong)自(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)空(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)稱(cheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)，簡稱(cheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu);采用(yong)(yong)非(fei)(fei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)空(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)稱(cheng)非(fei)(fei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)，簡稱(cheng)非(fei)(fei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。 　　現在(zai)(zai)，非(fei)(fei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)已較(jiao)少使用(yong)(yong)，而自(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)大量(liang)應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)生產實踐中(zhong)，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)二次重熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要手段之一。真(zhen)空(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)坩堝(guo)一般用(yong)(yong)銅(tong)(tong)制成(cheng)(cheng)，外面(mian)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)卻，稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)銅(tong)(tong)結(jie)(jie)晶器(qi)(qi)(qi)。 　　真(zhen)空(kong)甩(shuai)帶爐(lu)(lu)(lu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)時，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)將自(zi)(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(被(bei)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)材料(liao))接(jie)負極(ji)(ji)，水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)銅(tong)(tong)結(jie)(jie)晶器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)正極(ji)(ji)，通電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)兩極(ji)(ji)間(jian)產生弧(hu)(hu)光放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉(zhuan)變成(cheng)(cheng)熱能，產生高溫使材料(liao)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化。熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)液態(tai)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)滴通過高溫弧(hu)(hu)區(qu)后(hou)落入金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池，并在(zai)(zai)水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)銅(tong)(tong)結(jie)(jie)晶器(qi)(qi)(qi)內凝(ning)固成(cheng)(cheng)錠(ding)。通過金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)液與氣相(xiang)間(jian)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池內發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)一系列物理化學(xue)反應，達到提高金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)純凈(jing)度(du)，改善其結(jie)(jie)晶組(zu)織和(he)性能的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。 　　雖然真(zhen)空(kong)甩(shuai)帶爐(lu)(lu)(lu)不受大氣、耐火材料(liao)和(he)鑄模等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沾污;可(ke)(ke)以(yi)去除(chu)鋼(gang)(gang)及(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣體和(he)有害金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)雜質;熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)夾雜物也可(ke)(ke)上(shang)浮去除(chu)一部分(fen)，并可(ke)(ke)改善夾雜物在(zai)(zai)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布及(ji)(ji)形(xing)態(tai);水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)銅(tong)(tong)結(jie)(jie)晶器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)錠(ding)鑄態(tai)組(zu)織比普通鑄錠(ding)為(wei)(wei)好。 　　但(dan)真(zhen)空(kong)甩(shuai)帶爐(lu)(lu)(lu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)需預制電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，且鋼(gang)(gang)錠(ding)表面(mian)較(jiao)差。真(zhen)空(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)鈦(tai)、鋯、鎢、鉬等(deng)活潑金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)、難熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)它(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)，也可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)高溫合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)及(ji)(ji)有特殊(shu)用(yong)(yong)途的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)和(he)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)。