真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)熔煉(lian)(lian)(lian)爐冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)點是什么 　　真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)熔煉(lian)(lian)(lian)爐冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)是在負(fu)壓條件下(xia)進(jin)行(xing)爐料的(de)(de)(de)(de)加熱、熔化(hua)、精(jing)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)、合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)化(hua)和(he)澆注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)鋼(gang)方法(fa)。具有(you)(you)以下(xia)優(you)(you)點。 　　(1)精(jing)確(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學成(cheng)分(fen) 　　由于冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)程是在隔離大(da)(da)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)下(xia)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)熔煉(lian)(lian)(lian)爐減少(shao)了(le)(le)(le)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)元(yuan)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)損失，加之鋼(gang)液(ye)(ye)中含氧(yang)量(liang)(liang)很低(di)(di)，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高了(le)(le)(le)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)元(yuan)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)回收率。從而可(ke)以精(jing)確(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)化(hua)學成(cheng)分(fen)。 　　(2)由于冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)過(guo)程在真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)下(xia)進(jin)行(xing)、冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)中氣(qi)體含量(liang)(liang)很低(di)(di)。真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)下(xia)利用碳(tan)對(dui)鋼(gang)液(ye)(ye)進(jin)行(xing)脫(tuo)氧(yang)和(he)在真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)下(xia)澆注(zhu)避(bi)免了(le)(le)(le)二(er)次氧(yang)化(hua)。這些優(you)(you)越條件使冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)鋼(gang)中氣(qi)體與夾(jia)雜物(wu)含量(liang)(liang)低(di)(di)，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高了(le)(le)(le)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)純凈度(du)。 　　(3)降低(di)(di)鋼(gang)中微(wei)量(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)害雜質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang) 　　微(wei)量(liang)(liang)雜質(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)素鉛(qian)、砷(shen)、錫、銻、鉍等,對(dui)高溫合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱加工塑性(xing)(xing)和(he)高溫強(qiang)度(du)帶來極(ji)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害。利用微(wei)量(liang)(liang)雜質(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)素高蒸汽(qi)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點,通過(guo)高溫和(he)高真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)可(ke)以有(you)(you)效去除雜質(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)素,減弱其(qi)危(wei)害作用。 　　(4)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)熔煉(lian)(lian)(lian)爐冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝參(can)數可(ke)調(diao)性(xing)(xing)強(qiang) 　　通過(guo)對(dui)冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)、溫度(du)、精(jing)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)時間以及真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)燒結(jie)爐內氣(qi)氛等因(yin)(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)配合(he)(he)(he)與調(diao)節,可(ke)以達到許多的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這方面(mian)其(qi)工藝靈活性(xing)(xing)遠遠超過(guo)中頻感應(ying)爐冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)。例如,真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)熔煉(lian)(lian)(lian)爐冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)在鋼(gang)液(ye)(ye)脫(tuo)碳(tan)、脫(tuo)氧(yang)、脫(tuo)氮、揮發去除雜質(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)素、減少(shao)易氧(yang)化(hua)元(yuan)素燒損、減少(shao)夾(jia)雜物(wu)含量(liang)(liang)等方面(mian)均具有(you)(you)優(you)(you)勢。

　　真空(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)爐(lu)的熱(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)過程(cheng) 　　真空(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)爐(lu)的熱(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)工藝包括加熱(re)、保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)三個過程(cheng)。但有(you)時只有(you)加熱(re)與(yu)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)兩個過程(cheng)。這(zhe)些過程(cheng)都是(shi)(shi)互相(xiang)(xiang)銜接，不(bu)可間斷。 　　加熱(re)是(shi)(shi)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)中(zhong)重要工序之一。真空(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)爐(lu)對(dui)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬熱(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)的加熱(re)方法(fa)很多，早期是(shi)(shi)采用(yong)(yong)木炭(tan)和(he)煤作為熱(re)源，進而使用(yong)(yong)液體與(yu)氣體燃料。同時也是(shi)(shi)，工藝參數之一。選擇和(he)控(kong)制加熱(re)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)是(shi)(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)速凝(ning)爐(lu)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)質量的主要問題(ti)。加熱(re)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)隨被處(chu)理(li)(li)的金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬材料和(he)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)的目(mu)的不(bu)同而異，但一般都是(shi)(shi)加熱(re)到相(xiang)(xiang)變溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)以上，以獲得高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)組織(zhi)。 　　真空(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)爐(lu)的電(dian)加熱(re)易于控(kong)制，且無環境污(wu)染。利用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)些熱(re)源可以的直接加熱(re)，也可以通過熔(rong)(rong)融的鹽或(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬，以至浮動(dong)(dong)粒子進行(xing)(xing)間接加熱(re)。 　　此外，真空(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)爐(lu)是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)(yong)真空(kong)感應(ying)熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)法(fa)，把坩(gan)(gan)堝封閉在真空(kong)室中(zhong)，利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)磁感應(ying)產生的渦流作為熱(re)源。在真空(kong)或(huo)(huo)惰性氣體狀態(tai)下把合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(或(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)導電(dian)材料)原(yuan)料進行(xing)(xing)脫氣、熔(rong)(rong)化處(chu)理(li)(li)，通過坩(gan)(gan)堝傾爐(lu)系統澆鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，經(jing)過中(zhong)間包在水冷(leng)(leng)輥(gun)上急速凝(ning)固后(hou)形成薄片(pian)(pian)，再(zai)在水冷(leng)(leng)盤上進行(xing)(xing)慢速降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，在撥(bo)鑿的攪拌下，把合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)降到30℃左右，形成大(da)不(bu)薄厚均勻的合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)薄片(pian)(pian)的一種熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)設備。用(yong)(yong)途磁性材料的熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)及快速冷(leng)(leng)凝(ning)。也是(shi)(shi)生產合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)的專用(yong)(yong)設備，是(shi)(shi)先(xian)進鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)片(pian)(pian)工藝取(qu)代傳動(dong)(dong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錠工藝的理(li)(li)想替(ti)代設備。