真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)(lu)是(shi)在抽(chou)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)直接加熱(re)(re)(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)金屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)。爐(lu)(lu)內氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)稀薄(bo),主要(yao)(yao)(yao)靠被熔(rong)(rong)(rong)金屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)發生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),為(wei)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)穩定(ding)(ding),一(yi)般供直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。按(an)照熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)特點(dian),分為(wei)金屬(shu)(shu)重熔(rong)(rong)(rong)爐(lu)(lu)和(he)(he)(he)澆鑄爐(lu)(lu)。按(an)照熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極是(shi)否(fou)消耗(hao)(熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化),分為(wei)自耗(hao)爐(lu)(lu)和(he)(he)(he)非自耗(hao)爐(lu)(lu),工(gong)業上(shang)應用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大多(duo)數是(shi)自耗(hao)爐(lu)(lu)。真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)用于熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)特殊(shu)鋼、活(huo)潑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)難熔(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)(shu)如(ru)鈦、鉬、鈮(ni)。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)是(shi)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)阻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)阻)穩定(ding)(ding)是(shi)爐(lu)(lu)子(zi)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)條件。交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)通常(chang)(chang)采用工(gong)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),為(wei)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)穩定(ding)(ding),真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)(lu)爐(lu)(lu)子(zi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)適當(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感抗,但是(shi)存在感抗會(hui)降低(di)功率(lv)因數和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)。降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流頻率(lv)是(shi)發展交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)途徑(jing)。弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)阻阻值(zhi)相當(dang)(dang)小,為(wei)獲(huo)得必要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)量,爐(lu)(lu)子(zi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)相當(dang)(dang)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,因此爐(lu)(lu)子(zi)短網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻要(yao)(yao)(yao)盡量小,以(yi)(yi)(yi)免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路損耗(hao)過(guo)大。那要(yao)(yao)(yao)如(ru)何做好(hao)維(wei)(wei)護和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)養(yang)呢?方法有(you)二,如(ru)下(xia):
1、按(an)照PLC程序抽(chou)低(di)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong):緊閉真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)(lu)所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門,啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動機械(xie)泵,待(dai)其(qi)運行(xing)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)后(hou)(大約(yue)1-2 min),打開(kai)通向(xiang)爐(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)即上(shang)碟(die)(die)閥(fa)(fa)(fa),預先對爐(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)抽(chou)低(di)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong);
2、 按(an)照PLC程序抽(chou)高真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong):打開(kai)下(xia)碟(die)(die)閥(fa)(fa)(fa),對擴(kuo)散(san)(san)(san)泵進(jin)行(xing)抽(chou)氣(qi),當(dang)(dang)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)達到15 Pa以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)后(hou),真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)(lu)系統自動開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)擴(kuo)散(san)(san)(san)泵進(jin)行(xing)預熱(re)(re)(re),一(yi)般經(jing)過(guo)45 min左右擴(kuo)散(san)(san)(san)泵開(kai)始其(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)用,就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)關閉上(shang)碟(die)(die)閥(fa)(fa)(fa),同時(shi)開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)主阻擋閥(fa)(fa)(fa)待(dai)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)達到1.33×10Pa以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),才可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)加熱(re)(re)(re)按(an)鈕對樣品(pin)進(jin)行(xing)加熱(re)(re)(re)。
真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)甩帶(dai)爐(lu)(lu)保(bao)養(yang)可(ke)指導設備(bei)(bei)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)員在職(zhi)責范圍(wei)內對設備(bei)(bei)各點(dian)檢部位(wei),用正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢驗方法和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)具依(yi)(yi)據點(dian)檢周期進(jin)行(xing)設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日常(chang)(chang)保(bao)養(yang);操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)員需(xu)每日依(yi)(yi)據此保(bao)養(yang)說明書(shu)認(ren)(ren)真(zhen)(zhen)填寫《熱(re)(re)(re)處理設備(bei)(bei)日常(chang)(chang)維(wei)(wei)護保(bao)養(yang)記錄》,并由班組長檢查復核,維(wei)(wei)修員收集存檔。全套設備(bei)(bei)按(an)技(ji)術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求安(an)裝完畢后(hou),無缺件并有(you)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接地時(shi),即可(ke)按(an)下(xia)列項目進(jin)行(xing)調試與驗收。