真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是(shi)在(zai)抽(chou)(chou)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)中用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)直接(jie)(jie)加熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)內(nei)氣體(ti)稀薄,主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)靠(kao)被熔(rong)(rong)(rong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)氣發生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu),為(wei)(wei)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)穩定,一(yi)般(ban)供直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。按照(zhao)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉特(te)點(dian),分為(wei)(wei)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)重熔(rong)(rong)(rong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和澆鑄爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。按照(zhao)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉過程(cheng)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極是(shi)否消耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化),分為(wei)(wei)自耗(hao)(hao)(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和非自耗(hao)(hao)(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),工業上(shang)應用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大多數是(shi)自耗(hao)(hao)(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)用(yong)于熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉特(te)殊鋼(gang)、活潑(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)和難熔(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)如(ru)鈦(tai)、鉬、鈮。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)是(shi)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)阻(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(弧(hu)(hu)(hu)阻(zu))穩定是(shi)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子正常(chang)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)條件(jian)。交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)通常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)工頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),為(wei)(wei)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)穩定,真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)抗,但(dan)是(shi)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)感(gan)抗會降(jiang)低(di)(di)功(gong)率因數和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率。降(jiang)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)頻率是(shi)發展交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)途(tu)徑。弧(hu)(hu)(hu)阻(zu)阻(zu)值相當(dang)小,為(wei)(wei)獲得必要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)量,爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)相當(dang)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),因此爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子短網的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)盡量小,以(yi)免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)損耗(hao)(hao)(hao)過大。那(nei)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)如(ru)何做好維護和保(bao)(bao)養(yang)呢?方(fang)法有二,如(ru)下(xia):
1、按照(zhao)PLC程(cheng)序抽(chou)(chou)低(di)(di)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong):緊(jin)閉(bi)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)閥(fa)門,啟(qi)(qi)動機(ji)械泵(beng),待其運行(xing)正常(chang)后(hou)(大約1-2 min),打(da)開通向(xiang)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)閥(fa)即(ji)上(shang)碟閥(fa),預(yu)先對(dui)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)抽(chou)(chou)低(di)(di)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong);
2、 按照(zhao)PLC程(cheng)序抽(chou)(chou)高(gao)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong):打(da)開下(xia)碟閥(fa),對(dui)擴散(san)(san)泵(beng)進(jin)行(xing)抽(chou)(chou)氣,當(dang)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度(du)達到(dao)15 Pa以(yi)下(xia)后(hou),真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)系統自動開啟(qi)(qi)擴散(san)(san)泵(beng)進(jin)行(xing)預(yu)熱(re),一(yi)般(ban)經過45 min左右擴散(san)(san)泵(beng)開始(shi)其作(zuo)用(yong),就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)關閉(bi)上(shang)碟閥(fa),同時(shi)開啟(qi)(qi)主阻(zu)擋閥(fa)待真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度(du)達到(dao)1.33×10Pa以(yi)上(shang),才可(ke)(ke)以(yi)開啟(qi)(qi)加熱(re)按鈕對(dui)樣品進(jin)行(xing)加熱(re)。
真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)甩帶爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)保(bao)(bao)養(yang)可(ke)(ke)指導設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)操(cao)作(zuo)員在(zai)職責范圍內(nei)對(dui)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)各(ge)點(dian)檢(jian)部位,用(yong)正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)驗方(fang)法和工具依據(ju)點(dian)檢(jian)周期進(jin)行(xing)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日常(chang)保(bao)(bao)養(yang);操(cao)作(zuo)員需(xu)每日依據(ju)此保(bao)(bao)養(yang)說明書認(ren)真(zhen)(zhen)填寫《熱(re)處理設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)日常(chang)維護保(bao)(bao)養(yang)記(ji)錄》,并(bing)由班組長(chang)檢(jian)查復核(he),維修員收集存(cun)(cun)檔(dang)。全套設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)按技術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求安裝完畢(bi)后(hou),無(wu)缺件(jian)并(bing)有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)地時(shi),即(ji)可(ke)(ke)按下(xia)列項目進(jin)行(xing)調試與驗收。