真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是(shi)(shi)在抽(chou)(chou)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧直接(jie)加熱熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)金屬的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)內(nei)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)稀薄(bo),主要(yao)(yao)靠(kao)被熔(rong)(rong)(rong)金屬的(de)(de)(de)蒸氣(qi)發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧,為(wei)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧穩(wen)定,一般供(gong)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。按(an)照(zhao)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)特點,分為(wei)金屬重(zhong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)澆鑄(zhu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。按(an)照(zhao)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極是(shi)(shi)否消耗(hao)(熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化),分為(wei)自耗(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)非自耗(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),工(gong)業上應用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)多數是(shi)(shi)自耗(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)特殊鋼、活潑(po)的(de)(de)(de)和(he)難熔(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)金屬如鈦、鉬、鈮。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)認為(wei)是(shi)(shi)弧阻(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(弧阻(zu)(zu))穩(wen)定是(shi)(shi)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子(zi)正(zheng)常生產的(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)(yao)條(tiao)件(jian)。交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)通常采用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),為(wei)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧穩(wen)定,真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子(zi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)有(you)適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)感抗,但是(shi)(shi)存在感抗會(hui)降(jiang)低(di)功率(lv)因數和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)。降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)頻(pin)率(lv)是(shi)(shi)發(fa)展交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)途徑。弧阻(zu)(zu)阻(zu)(zu)值相當小,為(wei)獲得必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)熱量,爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子(zi)需要(yao)(yao)相當大(da)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),因此(ci)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子(zi)短(duan)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)要(yao)(yao)盡量小,以(yi)(yi)(yi)免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路損耗(hao)過大(da)。那要(yao)(yao)如何做好維護和(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)養(yang)呢?方法(fa)(fa)有(you)二,如下(xia):
1、按(an)照(zhao)PLC程(cheng)序抽(chou)(chou)低(di)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong):緊閉(bi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)閥(fa)(fa)門,啟(qi)動機(ji)械泵,待(dai)其(qi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)正(zheng)常后(hou)(大(da)約1-2 min),打開(kai)通向爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)低(di)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)閥(fa)(fa)即上碟閥(fa)(fa),預(yu)先對(dui)(dui)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)抽(chou)(chou)低(di)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong);
2、 按(an)照(zhao)PLC程(cheng)序抽(chou)(chou)高真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong):打開(kai)下(xia)碟閥(fa)(fa),對(dui)(dui)擴(kuo)散泵進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)抽(chou)(chou)氣(qi),當真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度(du)達(da)到15 Pa以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)后(hou),真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)系統自動開(kai)啟(qi)擴(kuo)散泵進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)預(yu)熱,一般經過45 min左右擴(kuo)散泵開(kai)始(shi)其(qi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong),就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)關閉(bi)上碟閥(fa)(fa),同時開(kai)啟(qi)主阻(zu)(zu)擋閥(fa)(fa)待(dai)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度(du)達(da)到1.33×10Pa以(yi)(yi)(yi)上,才可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)開(kai)啟(qi)加熱按(an)鈕對(dui)(dui)樣(yang)品進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)加熱。
真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)甩帶爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)養(yang)可(ke)指導設備(bei)操(cao)作員在職責范圍內(nei)對(dui)(dui)設備(bei)各點檢部位(wei),用(yong)(yong)(yong)正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)檢驗方法(fa)(fa)和(he)工(gong)具依據點檢周期進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)日常保(bao)(bao)(bao)養(yang);操(cao)作員需每(mei)日依據此(ci)保(bao)(bao)(bao)養(yang)說明書認真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)填寫(xie)《熱處理(li)設備(bei)日常維護保(bao)(bao)(bao)養(yang)記錄》,并由班組長檢查復(fu)核(he),維修員收(shou)集(ji)存檔。全套(tao)設備(bei)按(an)技術要(yao)(yao)求安裝完畢后(hou),無缺件(jian)并有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)地時,即可(ke)按(an)下(xia)列項目進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)調試(shi)與驗收(shou)。