真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)是(shi)在抽(chou)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)爐(lu)體中(zhong)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)直接加(jia)(jia)熱(re)熔(rong)煉(lian)金(jin)屬(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)。爐(lu)內氣(qi)體稀(xi)薄,主要(yao)靠被熔(rong)金(jin)屬(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸氣(qi)發生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu),為(wei)使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)穩(wen)定,一(yi)般(ban)供(gong)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。按(an)照熔(rong)煉(lian)特(te)點,分(fen)為(wei)金(jin)屬(shu)重(zhong)熔(rong)爐(lu)和(he)澆鑄爐(lu)。按(an)照熔(rong)煉(lian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極是(shi)否消耗(hao)(熔(rong)化(hua)),分(fen)為(wei)自(zi)耗(hao)爐(lu)和(he)非自(zi)耗(hao)爐(lu),工(gong)業(ye)上(shang)應用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大多數是(shi)自(zi)耗(hao)爐(lu)。真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)爐(lu)用于(yu)熔(rong)煉(lian)特(te)殊鋼、活(huo)潑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)難熔(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)如鈦(tai)、鉬(mu)、鈮(ni)。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)可以認(ren)為(wei)是(shi)弧(hu)(hu)阻(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(弧(hu)(hu)阻(zu)(zu))穩(wen)定是(shi)爐(lu)子(zi)(zi)正常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)(bi)要(yao)條件(jian)。交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)爐(lu)通常(chang)采用工(gong)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian),為(wei)使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)穩(wen)定,真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)爐(lu)子(zi)(zi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)要(yao)有(you)(you)適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感抗,但是(shi)存在感抗會降低(di)(di)功率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)。降低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)頻率(lv)是(shi)發展交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)爐(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)途徑。弧(hu)(hu)阻(zu)(zu)阻(zu)(zu)值相(xiang)當小,為(wei)獲得必(bi)(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)量,爐(lu)子(zi)(zi)需要(yao)相(xiang)當大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),因(yin)(yin)此爐(lu)子(zi)(zi)短(duan)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)要(yao)盡量小,以免電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)損耗(hao)過(guo)大。那要(yao)如何做好維(wei)護和(he)保(bao)養(yang)(yang)呢?方(fang)法(fa)有(you)(you)二,如下(xia):
1、按(an)照PLC程(cheng)序抽(chou)低(di)(di)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong):緊(jin)閉真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)所有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)閥門,啟(qi)動(dong)機械泵(beng),待(dai)其運(yun)行(xing)(xing)正常(chang)后(hou)(大約1-2 min),打開通向爐(lu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)閥即(ji)上(shang)碟閥,預先對爐(lu)體抽(chou)低(di)(di)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong);
2、 按(an)照PLC程(cheng)序抽(chou)高真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong):打開下(xia)碟閥,對擴散泵(beng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)抽(chou)氣(qi),當真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度(du)達到(dao)15 Pa以下(xia)后(hou),真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)煉(lian)爐(lu)系統(tong)自(zi)動(dong)開啟(qi)擴散泵(beng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)預熱(re),一(yi)般(ban)經(jing)過(guo)45 min左右(you)擴散泵(beng)開始其作(zuo)用,就可以關閉上(shang)碟閥,同時開啟(qi)主阻(zu)(zu)擋閥待(dai)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度(du)達到(dao)1.33×10Pa以上(shang),才(cai)可以開啟(qi)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)按(an)鈕對樣品(pin)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)。
真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶(dai)爐(lu)保(bao)養(yang)(yang)可指導設(she)備(bei)操作(zuo)員在職責范圍內對設(she)備(bei)各點檢(jian)部位,用正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)驗方(fang)法(fa)和(he)工(gong)具依據(ju)點檢(jian)周期進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日常(chang)保(bao)養(yang)(yang);操作(zuo)員需每日依據(ju)此保(bao)養(yang)(yang)說明書認(ren)真(zhen)(zhen)填寫《熱(re)處理設(she)備(bei)日常(chang)維(wei)護保(bao)養(yang)(yang)記錄(lu)》,并由班組(zu)長檢(jian)查復核,維(wei)修(xiu)員收集存檔。全(quan)套設(she)備(bei)按(an)技術(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)安裝完畢后(hou),無缺件(jian)并有(you)(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接地時,即(ji)可按(an)下(xia)列(lie)項(xiang)目進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)調試與驗收。