真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)抽(chou)(chou)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體中用電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)直(zhi)接(jie)加熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)金(jin)屬的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)內氣體稀薄,主要(yao)(yao)靠被熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)金(jin)屬的(de)(de)蒸氣發生電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu),為(wei)使電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)穩定,一般供直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)。按(an)(an)照熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)特點,分(fen)為(wei)金(jin)屬重熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和澆(jiao)鑄爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。按(an)(an)照熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)過程(cheng)中電(dian)(dian)極是(shi)否(fou)消耗(熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化),分(fen)為(wei)自(zi)耗爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和非自(zi)耗爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),工(gong)業上(shang)應用的(de)(de)大多(duo)數是(shi)自(zi)耗爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)用于熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)特殊鋼、活潑的(de)(de)和難熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬如(ru)鈦、鉬(mu)、鈮。
電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)可(ke)以認為(wei)是(shi)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)阻(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)。電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(弧(hu)(hu)(hu)阻(zu)(zu))穩定是(shi)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子(zi)(zi)正(zheng)常(chang)生產的(de)(de)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)條件。交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)通常(chang)采用工(gong)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian),為(wei)使電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)穩定,真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子(zi)(zi)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中要(yao)(yao)有(you)適當的(de)(de)感抗(kang),但(dan)是(shi)存在(zai)(zai)感抗(kang)會降低(di)(di)(di)功率因(yin)數和電(dian)(dian)效率。降低(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)頻(pin)率是(shi)發展交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)途徑。弧(hu)(hu)(hu)阻(zu)(zu)阻(zu)(zu)值相當小,為(wei)獲得必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)熱(re)量,爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子(zi)(zi)需要(yao)(yao)相當大的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu),因(yin)此(ci)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子(zi)(zi)短(duan)網的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)要(yao)(yao)盡量小,以免電(dian)(dian)路(lu)損(sun)耗過大。那要(yao)(yao)如(ru)何做好維(wei)護和保(bao)養(yang)(yang)呢?方(fang)法(fa)有(you)二,如(ru)下:
1、按(an)(an)照PLC程(cheng)序抽(chou)(chou)低(di)(di)(di)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong):緊閉(bi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)所有(you)的(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)閥(fa)(fa)門(men),啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動機械泵(beng),待(dai)其運行(xing)正(zheng)常(chang)后(大約1-2 min),打開通向爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體的(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)閥(fa)(fa)即上(shang)碟(die)(die)(die)閥(fa)(fa),預先(xian)對爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體抽(chou)(chou)低(di)(di)(di)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong);
2、 按(an)(an)照PLC程(cheng)序抽(chou)(chou)高真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong):打開下碟(die)(die)(die)閥(fa)(fa),對擴(kuo)散泵(beng)進行(xing)抽(chou)(chou)氣,當真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度(du)達到15 Pa以下后,真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)系統(tong)自(zi)動開啟(qi)(qi)(qi)擴(kuo)散泵(beng)進行(xing)預熱(re),一般經過45 min左右擴(kuo)散泵(beng)開始其作(zuo)用,就可(ke)以關閉(bi)上(shang)碟(die)(die)(die)閥(fa)(fa),同時(shi)開啟(qi)(qi)(qi)主阻(zu)(zu)擋閥(fa)(fa)待(dai)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度(du)達到1.33×10Pa以上(shang),才可(ke)以開啟(qi)(qi)(qi)加熱(re)按(an)(an)鈕對樣品(pin)進行(xing)加熱(re)。
真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)甩(shuai)帶爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)保(bao)養(yang)(yang)可(ke)指導設(she)備操(cao)作(zuo)員(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)職(zhi)責范圍內對設(she)備各點檢(jian)部位(wei),用正(zheng)確的(de)(de)檢(jian)驗方(fang)法(fa)和工(gong)具依據點檢(jian)周期(qi)進行(xing)設(she)備的(de)(de)日常(chang)保(bao)養(yang)(yang);操(cao)作(zuo)員(yuan)(yuan)需每日依據此(ci)保(bao)養(yang)(yang)說(shuo)明書認真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)填寫《熱(re)處理設(she)備日常(chang)維(wei)護保(bao)養(yang)(yang)記錄》,并(bing)(bing)由班組(zu)長檢(jian)查(cha)復核,維(wei)修員(yuan)(yuan)收集存檔。全(quan)套設(she)備按(an)(an)技(ji)術要(yao)(yao)求安裝完畢后,無缺件并(bing)(bing)有(you)良好的(de)(de)接(jie)地時(shi),即可(ke)按(an)(an)下列(lie)項目進行(xing)調試與驗收。